Part 1
Part 2
Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Pompeianisti
Secondo Maiuri l'Antiquarium è stata fondata nel 1861.
Vedi: Maiuri
A., 1970. Pompeii. Roma: Istituto poligrafico dello Stato, p. 102.
Secondo il
sito web PAP, L’Antiquarium di Pompei fu realizzato da Giuseppe
Fiorelli tra il 1873 e il 1874 negli spazi sottostanti la terrazza del Tempio
di Venere, con affaccio su Porta Marina. Fu sede espositiva di una selezione di
reperti provenienti da Pompei ed esemplificativi della vita quotidiana
dell’antica città, oltre che dei calchi delle vittime dell’eruzione.
Nel 1926 venne ampliato da Amedeo Maiuri, che
oltre ad aggiungere grandi mappe con gli sviluppi aggiornati degli scavi dal
1748 in poi e inserire nuovi reperti provenienti dalla Villa Pisanella di
Boscoreale nonché dai più recenti scavi di via dell’Abbondanza, impostò un
percorso che guidava il visitatore nella storia di Pompei dalle origini fino
all’eruzione.
L’edificio fu poi gravemente danneggiato dalle
bombe della II guerra mondiale nel settembre 1943 e grazie all’intervento di
restauro del Maiuri, il 13 giugno del 1948 riaprì alla fruizione dei visitatori
in occasione della celebrazione del 2° centenario degli scavi di Pompei.
Nuovamente danneggiato, stavolta dal terremoto del 1980, da allora è rimasto chiuso
al pubblico.
Nel 2010 è stato interessato da una
ristrutturazione generale che restituisce alla fruizione del pubblico un
edificio restaurato con interventi di allestimento integratii con una più
completa offerta di conoscenza per il visitatore, multimediale e museale, e
che, grazie alla realizzazione di un ascensore che dalla quota della Villa
Imperiale conduce a quella di copertura dell’Antiquarium, in corrispondenza del
Tempio di Venere, permette l’accesso facilitato per tutti i visitatori all’area
archeologica di Pompei.
E’ stato riaperto al pubblico nella sua nuova
veste di visitor center e spazio museale nell’aprile del 2016.
Vedi: Il sito web PAP
Secondo Garcia
y Garcia, il 25 febbraio 1861 Fiorelli ha proposto l'istituzione di un museo a
Pompei. Per la finanziaria o ragioni di disponibilità della terra il grande
disegno originale non è stato proceduto.
Nel giornale
manoscritto alla data del 17 marzo 1863 mostra Fiorelli era ormai adattato un
lungo rettilineo grande parte cripta era una struttura antica scoperta sotto la
terrazza del Tempio di Venere. Ingresso era da una porta sotto l'arco di Porta
Marina. Questo manoscritto è datato dopo la requisizione e distruzione del
casino Minervini, che per anni aveva in parte le stanze antiche come cellai.
Garcia y Garcia suggerisce che questo è “meglio sarebbe chiamarlo magazzino”.
La storia di
questo primo Museo Pompeiano è quasi avvolta nel mistero, e della sua prima
istituzione, come del suo evolversi, non abbiamo quasi nessun tipo di documentazione.
Nel 1873
Fiorelli (Gli Scavi di Pompei...) non ne aveva fatto cenno.
Nel 1875
Fiorelli (Descrizione...) descrivendo la Porta Marina e la cripta
(nell'antichità un deposito per gli oggetti provenienti dal mare), parla già del Museo Pompeiano, ma senza nessun’altra
notizia.
Nel 1877 Fiorelli (Guida) descrive semplicemente
"si ritorna alla Porta della Marina dove potrà osservare il Museo
Pompeiano". Elenca anche oltre 1,600 articoli trovati nel Museo.
Possiamo pertanto presumere la sua istituzione tra
gli anni 1873-4.
Vedi: Garcia y Garcia, L., 2006. Danni di guerra a
Pompei. Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider, p. 173ff.
Vedi: Fiorelli, G., 1875. Descrizione di Pompei.
Napoli, p. 316.
Vedi: Fiorelli, G., 1877. Guida di Pompei, Napoli,
pp. 87-108.
According
to Maiuri the Antiquarium was founded in 1861.
See Maiuri A., 1970. Pompeii.
Roma: Istituto poligrafico
dello Stato, p. 102.
According
to the PAP web site, The Antiquarium of Pompeii was realised by Giuseppe
Fiorelli between 1873 and 1874 in the areas under the terrace of the Temple of
Venus, facing Porta Marina. It was the exhibition site of a selection of finds
hailing from Pompeii, which served as an example of the daily life in the
ancient city, as well as exhibiting casts of the eruption victims.
In 1926,
it was expanded by Amedeo Maiuri, who not only added large maps showing updated
developments of the excavations from 1748 onwards, but also inserted new finds
from Villa Pisanella of Boscoreale as well as from the most recent excavations
in Via dell’Abbondanza, and set up a route that guided the visitors through
Pompeii’s history, from its origins to the eruption.
The
building was then seriously damaged by bombs during World War II, in September
1943. However, thanks to Maiuri’s renovation intervention, it was reopened to
visitors on the two hundredth anniversary of Pompeii’s excavations, on 13th
June 1948. It was damaged again, this time by an earthquake in 1980, and it had
been closed to the public since then.
However, after a general renovation in 2010, the restored building was again open for public use with work on integrated outfitting offering a more complete multimedia and museum-like experience to the visitors. This renovation grants all visitors easier access to the archaeological area of Pompeii thanks to the installation of an elevator that leads from the level of Villa Imperiale to the height of the Antiquarium covering, in line with the Temple of Venus. It was reopened to the public as visitor centre and museum area in April 2016.
See PAP web site
According to Garcia y Garcia, on the 25th February 1861 Fiorelli proposed the institution of a Museum at Pompeii. For financial or land availability reasons the original grand design was not proceeded with.
A manuscript dated 17th March 1863 shows Fiorelli had by then adapted a long straight big crypt, part of which was an antique structure discovered below the terrace of the Temple of Venus. It was entered by a door under the arch of the Porta Marina. This manuscript is dated after the requisition and demolition of the Casino Minervini, which for years had used the antique crypt as a storage cellar. Garcia y Garcia suggests this was more a store than a museum.
The history of this museum is somewhat shrouded in mystery and lack of documented detail.
In 1873 Fiorelli
(Gli Scavi di Pompei…) does not mention the Museo at all.
In 1875 Fiorelli (Descrizione…) describes the crypt (in antiquity a deposit for items coming by sea) and mentions the Museo but gives no further details.
In 1877 Fiorelli (Guida) simply describes “returning to the Porta Marina where you will observe the Museo Pompeiano”. He also lists over 1600 items found in the Museo.
All these may suggest a Museum further developed in 1873-4, possibly opened in 1875.
See Garcia y
Garcia, L., 2006. Danni di guerra a Pompei. Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider, p. 173ff.
See Fiorelli, G.,
1875. Descrizione di Pompei. Napoli,
p. 316.
See Fiorelli, G.,
1877. Guida di Pompei, Napoli, pp.
87-108.
VIII.1.4 Pompeii Antiquarium. April 2019. Open entrance doorway. Photo courtesy of Rick Bauer.
VIII.1.4 Pompeii Antiquarium. April 2019.
Looking east under Porta Marina to display advert on east side of doorway. Photo courtesy of Rick Bauer.
VIII.1.4 Pompeii Antiquarium. January 2010.
Entrance doorway. Photo courtesy of Rick Bauer.
VIII.1.4 Pompeii Antiquarium.
December 2005. Entrance.
VIII.1.4 Pompeii Antiquarium. January 2010. Room inside entrance. Photo courtesy of Rick Bauer.
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021.
Looking across display cabinet containing
silver from Moregine and bronze food warmer from
I.8.17 (this end), and at the far end –
Bronze strainer and two pitchers from new
excavations in Reg. V,
and Terracotta bottles, jugs and red ware
plates and bowls from room 11, of the House of Orion,
V.2.
Looking towards the bronze Ephebus lamp holder
from VII.16.17-22, and across to the marble statue of Nike, from Oplontis, at
the far end.
On the wall to the right is part of a painted
wall from I.6.2.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February
2021.
Bronze lamp with statuette of
a satyr with a phallus from which small bells hang, found in I.6.3.
Photo courtesy of Fabien
Bièvre-Perrin (CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021. Display
cabinet, looking towards silver table set from Moregine.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021. Silver found in the Complex of the Moregine Triclinia.
Silver table set consisting of 20 pieces: a circular
serving plate, four plates, ten cups – two embossed – four stands and a
teaspoon.
The inscription, Erasti
sum, engraved on the back of the silverware indicates that the owner’s name
was Erastus.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021. Detail
of one of the silver embossed cups from the table set found in Moregine.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021.
Detail of the eight silver cups, not embossed, three stands, and teaspoon found
in Moregine.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021.
According
to Conticello (in Rediscovering Pompeii, p.173, no.59) –
This
is a bronze cylindrical food warmer found under the stairs in the servant’s
quarters of I.8.17.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
The Romans created a range of richly decorated
devices, usually in bronze, for storing hot water during triclinium banquets.
The hollow cylinder of the latter rests on an
iron tripod.
The feet are in the form of lion's paws, the
handles end in small hands.
A small temple with a Gorgon in the tympanum
can be seen in the opening.
Two dolphins and a Triton decorate the lid.
See Le Musée Maillol : Pompéi
- Un art de vivre, l’exposition du 21 septembre 2011 au 12 février 2012. Communiqué
de presse.
Parco Archeologico Pompei, inventory number 6798.
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February
2021. Detail of small temple with a Gorgon's head, from
bronze food warmer.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin
(CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February
2021.
Looking across amulets and gems found in
V.3, House with Garden, towards bronze Ephebus lamp from VII.16.17/22.
At the rear, is part of the painted wall
from the oecus/triclinium of I.6.2.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021.
Detail
of bronze Ephebus as an oil lamp holder, found in dining room of VII.16.17/22.
The
terracotta plaques, on the wall to the left, may have been found during the
excavation of the foundations of the Greek temple.
(See
p.103, of Fiorelli, G., 1897. Guida di Pompei, Museo
Pompeiano terracotta items, below, for more photos).
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
Parco Archeologico Pompei,
inventory number 13112.
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February 2021.
Detail
of bronze Ephebus as an oil lamp holder, found in dining room of VII.16.17/22.
Visible
on the wall to the right is a wall painting from VI.17.42, House of the Golden
Bracelet.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February
2021. Painting
depicting the wedding of
Alexander the Great and Roxanne.
Central wall
painting from south wall of Triclinium 20 of VI.17.42, House of the Golden
Bracelet.
Photo courtesy of Fabien
Bièvre-Perrin (CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February
2021.
Marble statue of Nike, found
on eastern side of pool in Villa A, at Oplontis.
Photo courtesy of Fabien
Bièvre-Perrin (CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February 2021. Bronze and Ivory Flutes,
found in Via del Vesuvio. Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021.
Detail of Bronze and Ivory Flutes, from Via del Vesuvio.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February 2021. Found in area of Via del Vesuvio, Pompeii.
Central mosaic picture that adorned a fountain,
in front of which there was a statuette of a rabbit.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021. Found in area of Via del Vesuvio, Pompeii.
Marble
rabbit, found in front of a fountain. Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin
(CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021.
Marble herm with the head of a woman,
conventionally identified as Poppea Sabina, found on eastern side of the garden, in
Villa A, at Oplontis.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February 2021. Elements of marble architectural decoration from the Forum, VII.8.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February 2021. Limestone
relief signed by the master builder (structor) Diogenes, from VII.15.2
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February 2021.
Marble slab from side of household altar in atrium of V.1.26, showing the effects of the 62AD earthquake in the Forum.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February
2021. Marble wall decoration made of cut marble (opus
sectile) with a vegetal motif, from VIII.2.16.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii Antiquarium.
February 2021. Looking through same room across display case from in front of the
statue of Nike.
Photo courtesy of Fabien
Bièvre-Perrin (CC BY-NC-SA).
On the left wall are the
terracotta plaques from Pompeii.
On the right wall is the
second wall painting from the north wall of the triclinium of the House of the
Golden Bracelet.
In the centre, on a shelf,
are the glass panels from the House of Fabius Rufus.
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021.
Fresco
showing Dionysus and Ariadne in Naxos, found on the north wall of the triclinium
20, in VI.17.42.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February
2021.
Glass
cameo panel decorating furniture and depicting Bacchus and Ariadne, found in the
House of Fabius Rufus, VII.16.17-22, room 62.
Photo
courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February 2021.
Glass cameo panel decorating furniture and
depicting Bacchus and Ariadne, found in the House of Fabius Rufus, VII.16.17-22,
room 62.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021. From central display case. Bronze brazier found in the
peristyle garden in I.10.4.
Photo
courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February 2021. From central display case.
Bronze strainer with inscription, on the left are glass bowls and beakers, all found in House of Menander at I.10.4.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021. Bronze
breadbasket/plate from House of Menander at I.10.4.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021.
Bronze pitcher with handles decorated with
human faces, from House of Menander at I.10.4.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021.
Beaker decorated
with indentations and a human face together with red ware plates and bowls,
from I.10.4, House of Menander.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4 Pompeii. February 2021. Bronze
dish, from House of Menander at I.10.4.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
VIII.1.4
Pompeii. February 2021. Bronze
stool, from House of Fabius Rufus, at VII.16.17-22.
Photo courtesy of Fabien Bièvre-Perrin (CC
BY-NC-SA).
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
Part 4 Part 5 Pompeianisti